Week16——SHU YING: The illusion of choice in the Spotify and TikTok era
In their seminal work Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944), Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno introduced the concept of the "Culture Industry" to describe how popular culture under capitalism functions similarly to a factory producing standardized goods. They argued that mass media—such as radio, film, and magazines—are not genuine forms of art or spontaneous popular expressions, but are instead highly calculated ideological instruments designed to manipulate mass society into passivity. According to Adorno, the culture industry homogenizes cultural products, ensuring that everything becomes predictable, repetitive, and easily consumable. Individual choice within this system is entirely illusory; what consumers perceive as personal freedom or distinct tastes are actually pre-selected options manufactured by media conglomerates to sustain capitalist production and eliminate critical consciousness. Ultimately, the culture industry subverts the revolutionary potential of art, tran...